Industry Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industry Analysis - Research Paper Example When we mention drugs, there are those specifically targeted to help smokers, for example ginseng. Many of its effects are similar to those of nicotine, for example the herb lowers stress levels while boosting energy. The immune system is also boosted using this herb which is normally prepared by brewing it into tea (Charles, Marianne 2009). Kava is another herb that mimics the effects of nicotine such as relieving of anxiety and stress. It also acts as an anti-convulsant as well as a mild anesthetic. By using this herb, smokers do not miss the effects of tobacco as they gradually stop smoking and adapt to taking Kava (Peter, Clive 2006). Lobelia, also known as Indian tobacco, has nicotine-like properties such as acting as a relaxant and a stimulant. This herb offers great help by reducing cravings. It also offers much assistance to smokers during withdrawal of nicotine by providing mild antidepressant effects (Melvyn, Edward 1991). Other products that help smokers are seen in terms of lifestyle. Smokers are advised to eat healthily while taking lots of water. This helps reduces craving and improves resistance to triggers. Let us not forget that having lots of sleep is also good for those planning to quit smoking (Peter, Clive 2006). There are gums that help smokers quit their habit. A good example is the nicotine gum. This helps the smokers to quit smoking gradually and is helpful by reducing the passage of dangerous particles to the lungs. Thus the smoker saves himself or herself from the risks of lung or throat cancer. The nicotine patch is also helpful to smokers to help them quit their smoking habit. Meditation is another form of self enhancement technique that would prove valuable to smokers in a bid to help them quit their habit. This helps them focus their energy from cravings and channel it to self improvement meditation (David 2011). There is the naval spray that contains nicotine that smokers

Strategic Analysis of Korean Airline

Strategic Analysis of Korean Airline Excellence in Flight, which is their mission to serve operational excellence, service excellence, and innovative excellence. So far, this is the slogan of Korean Air and their main business is air transportation that deals with passenger, cargo, and aircraft maintenance service with cabin crews training service (1969). Firstly, have confidence and affection of customer and offer best service. Secondly, Create wealthy life value and desirable social value as doing moral management. Last, motto is Support creativity of employees and help growth of abilities (2013). As Global Airline, which got the Three Best which are Best Service, Best Reliability, Best Management, Korean Air concentrates its capabilities on internationalization, Knowledge, and E-business by devoting all energies to safety and innovative operation as well as improving its image to strengthen the phase (2013). Although by looking in an internal business aspect from Korean Airline, is currently focusing on the performance of human resource management or system and which had been settled down deeply through Korean Airline organizations culture. The company is focusing on the trust between capital and labor, which brings them to help and rely on each other as family members. The familiar community idea does not only help them to overcome the difficulties but it also gives them the motive of power. Another Human Resource systems based on philosophy is to bring up or level up human resources to lead the era of change. To do so, Korea Air concentrates on educating employees by improving employees capabilities and implanting attachment and devotion to the organization (2010). It is Korean Airs main purpose to make Korean Air become one of the worlds best airlines by these educated employees providing better services. However, this management demands employees sacrifice too much that squeezes the employees without an exception. This may work for a short period of time, but when it works for a long term, the employees would feel tired and have complaints. Adding more information, most Asian countries business structure or the business systems are still maintaining with owners strong belief on the performance, as squeeze management and its the key for the success (2010). It is because the organization only thinks about itself without considering the employees, and there is no time to recharge the employees energies and has no system that lets them express their opinions or thoughts. This proves how the communication is not working well. Since there is no sharing between capital and labor, there have been some problems occurring. Concernment with internal aspect from the current Korean Air s Business Structure, Vertical Structure, has the lack of inadequate Human Resource Management (HRM) system (2013). This kind of businesses structure might occur the misconnection between the each department and misunderstanding one from the others. Specifically this also can be connected to the main fact, which is the lack of communication with Korean Air employees union. Like other companies, Korean Air has their labor union, too. Almost every company in the world has a labor union, which claims employees rights as well as protecting employees opinions. But now this problem has come with a very serious issue in Korean Air. The employees call for their labor union goes against democracy is the procedure how they select a representative. In order to be elected as a union president, the candidate should make a good relationship with not individual employees but other representatives on the board. From the research the representative gains a lot of money during the 3years of representatives time (2013). Therefore, this can be seen as a very appealing job for many people whom having a black heart. Consequently, this can cause a direct affect by having a disconnection between the company and employees because of not equal elections. With by fortune, there has been changing breeze through this matter of undemocratic elections referred to the Korean Airline Workers Union news. What I would like to say at this point is that the number of unions and the form of a certain labor union is nothing more important than their relationship as they can come up with beneficial agreements without any dispute from mutual understandings. To suggest the solutions in details; Firstly, making solid relationships between labor and capital is the main role in order for Korean Air to take a NO.1 market share forward airline companies in their industry field. What Im suggesting for this issue is that new perspective in handling Labor Unions is required to solve this problem. What they need is the middle manager who treats the conflicts between workers and the company to help staff feel being respected. For instance, Southwest Airline, the most successful business case in the airline industry has a certain middle manager that manages less than10 underlings. Their role in the perspective of HRM is a bridge which means the middle managers deliver the complaints to the top manager and provide the inferior workers with counseling. To offer these kinds of services to their internal customers, middle managers are required to take the leadership training once in a year (2010). On other hand, In the case of IBM, they have a firm company culture that the complaints are directly sent to executives and then the executives give back the message including what the reaction will be to the original person of the complaints. Furthermore, making the formal and informal organizations practical is useful. For example, holding a round-table conference between labor and management and a joint labor-management is necessary to understand what another party wants. When these functions are working very well, both parties can derive the responsibility and ownership (2013). Therefore, the performance of management will cause a growing the reputation and popularity of Korean Air. Furthermore, this strategy management made me has an enormous expectation from Korean Air and I also expect in the near future their slogan might include Excellence in Management. Korean Airline SWOT Analysis (S)trengths The Strength of Korean Airline has built up global relationship which calls Sky team. It has alliance with international airlines such as Russian Airlines, Aero Mexico, Air France, KLM, Alitalia, Continental airlines, Czech Airlines, and Delta. Having different types of aircraft can be benefits to provide variety of services for passengers in flight. Korean Airlines has 180 Aircrafts in 2013. In addition, Korean Airlines represent First Place in Cargo part from 2004 until now. As increasing of reputation, more and more people became to use service in Korean Airlines (2008). (W)eaknesses Due to disaster from Guam accident in 1997, Korean Air has negative image as an accident airline. Some people still are afraid the flight with Korean Air. Asiana Airline, which is competitor airline in Korea, has similar flight routes with Korean Air. As a result, it can bring low revenue and income for Korean Air to operate their business. For any big airline, it always has shortage of time and complexity system (2008). (O)pportunities As increasing of globalization, Korean Air has possibilities to expand their business from local to global. The one of outstanding Incheon International Airport, which is ranking number one in the world, in Korea, Korean Air can use as a marketing system to improve its business through this airport (2013). From this, it also has opportunity to grow its more reputation through brand power. They can also still provide more variety of services by using different types of aircraft with Sky team. (T)hreats Korean does not have fuel resource. As changing of economic situation, Korean Air may need to pay more fuel price that can affect business operating. In addition, Labor union can be obstacle when it has different idea with employees (2013). Especially, Pilot union can be representative example. If they decide not to work, Korean will not able to keep their business.

The Odyssey :: essays research papers

PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   'Why shouldn't art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in this world'; This is one of many quotes that came from Pierre- Auguste Renoir. This famous French impressionist was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, France Renoir grew up in a poor family and was always considered the 'working class';. This is what inspired Renoir to leave school and seek work in Paris. His hopes came alive in 1854 when he began to work in a porcelain factory as a painter. During this job, not only did he learn the importance of good craftsmanship, but also gained knowledge of bright and fresh colors, which would later trademark his impressionist work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After studying works at the Louvre, in 1862, Renoir entered the studio of Gleyre and formed a promising friendship with Claude Monet (1840- 1924), Alfred Sisley (1839- 1899) and Frederic Bazille (1841- 1870). While working in this studio Renoir painted with them in the Barbizon district and became a leading member of the impressionists. In 1869 Renoir found himself becoming very close with Monet because their paintings showed similarities in technique and style. Like Monet, Renoir had a very rough and bumpy start in the early stages of his career, but by the 1870's Renoir had already received success as a portraitist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1881 he was freed from his financial problems as an art dealer named Paul Durand- Ruel began buying his work on a regular basis. By this time Renoir's style had changed dramatically. He used a crisper and drier style with duller coloring, opposed to his earlier works using light and fresh colors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid 1880's Renoir thought that he should take his art more seriously. In this time period he concentrated on nudes and sometimes young girls in unknown settings. As time went on Renoir's paintings became more plain and simple, and he soon became interested in mythological objects, such as fairies and cupid- like objects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1890 Renoir was suffering from rheumatism a problem where your muscles and joints stiffen and is similar to arthritis. The disease eventually crippled him in 1912, and he was confined to a wheelchair. Despite his handicap he continued to paint until the end of his life. He did this by, setting up a canvas, then tying paintbrushes to his wrists, dipping them in paint and then he painted.

James Joyce Concept of Epiphany Essay

James Joyce concept of epiphany is one concerned with a move away from religious transcendentalism towards secular moments in which the subjective experience of the moment harks to a transcendental sense of belonging, awe or inspiration (Barry 2002). This is notably captured in two of his texts known as A Portrait of an Artist and The Dubliners. Using two examples taken from these two texts alongside critiques put forward by certain literary critics, we will attempt to analyse his concept of epiphany in relation to other significant literary devices that he employs. In Joyce’s text A Portrait of an Artist, the narrative can be viewed as moving away from the notion of an objective account of reality. This rejection of realism, prevalent in the realist novel of the early nineteenth century, results in a certain form of ambiguity that has come to define many fellow modernists. Divorcing from the associated omniscient narrative styles of the earlier periods, modernist writers began to take on a great range of new forms and styles, one of which being the employment of the epiphany formerly used commonly in religious writing (Bennet & Royle 2004). In A Portrait of an Artist, this acts in changing the perspective of reality that is being explored by the author, which is achieved through an indulgence of ambiguity rather than process of deduction. This ambiguity is captured in a vagueness in both the author’s narrative and the protagonist’s thoughts throughout the text. For instance, in one extract taken from the text expressing the thoughts of the protagonists direct experience, we can see this ambiguity turn into an epiphany that refers to the experience itself and acts in combining it with other subjective experiences. For instance, on reflection of his own reaction or response to the direct experience he is accounting for, the protagonist enters into the ambiguity of his own thoughts, stating that: ‘O how cold and strange it was to think of that! All the dark was cold and strange. There were pale strange faces there, great eyes like carriage-lamps. They were the ghosts of murderers, the figures of marshals who had received their death-wound on battlefields far away over the sea. What did they wish to say that their faces were so strange?’ (Joyce 2003, 59) In this extract we can see through the division of perspective and perception that the narrator is not observing, documenting or accounting for the experience of the protagonist. Rather, he is allowing the subject the freedom to recall the experience and, in doing so, transcend both the objective reality being accounted for and the form of the literary function. This allows the conscious mind of the character to question their own direct response and reinterpret the reality of the moment by way of an epiphany. This shift in perspective from the reality being charted by the omniscient observer to that of a reflective and ambiguous account being drawn out in the description of the experience itself is referred to by the scholar and critic Peter Barry. In his text Beginning Theory Barry suggests that this is ’the loss of the real’, that he warns can lead to legitimizing ’a callous indifference to suffering’ (Barry 2006, 89). However, this loss of the real is perhaps the antithesis of what Joyce is attempting to evoke in his concept of the epiphany. In essence, the loss of the real is something of an awakening of the transcendental marking the beginning of a psychological reality. This premise could perhaps be seen as a stream of consciousness that could be used to examine the transcendental connectedness between the people and members of a community on the basis of intellectual, as well as objective, reality. Through the techniques incorporated in this style of narrative it is possible to allow the reader to see the psychological reality of the character and have access to their experiences, making the relationship between objective reality and the subject a semiotic one. In this sense, the epiphany is a challenge to the reader. Furthermore, the transcendental reality that it refers to is also secular, as it refers to the subjective experience as the catalyst, rather than any form of divinity as a measurement. In Dubliners, we can see that the premise of Joyce’s city is based upon the idea of nationalism and modernism that was prevalent throughout Europe at his time of writing. This nationalism is personified in the city, which acts as the source of experience and reflection. In many ways, this may be understandably regarded as the replacement for the transcendental God at the heart of religious epiphanies. This is because the object of the city is given as being in natural sync with the individual‘s subjective experience. Essentially, it is the catalyst for the individual’s semiotic relationship with the world and the source of their reflection. Essentially, the city, or city life, is the source of this transcendental epiphany, which makes it a very different environment to the objective and macabre city of some of Joyce’s contemporaries. In one extract, Joyce reveals this transcendental moment and how it combines with other experiential referents through the means of the epiphany. He states that: ‘Walk along a strand, strange land, come to a city gate, sentry there old ranker too, Tweedy’s big moustaches leaning on a long kind of a spear. `Wander` through awned streets. Turband faces going by. Dark caves of carpet shops, big man, Turko the terrible, seated cross legged smoking a coiled pipe. Cries of sellers in the streets. Drink water scented with fennel, sherbet. Wander along all day. Might meet a robber or two. Well, meet him. Getting on to sundown. The shadows of the mosques along the pillars: priest with a scroll rolled up. A shiver of the trees, signal, the evening wind. I pass their dark language. High wall: beyond strings twanged. Night sky moon, violet, colour of Molly’s new garters. Strings. Listen. A girl playing one of those instruments what do you call them: dulcimers. I pass.’ (Joyce 2007, 124) In this extract, we can once again see this shift away from any objective detail and move towards a reflective and subjective account of the experience. Joyce describes the city in relation to the referential meaning of each individual sign as the protagonist combines the account with their experience. This subjective and fluid account of the environment and its many innate objects is then transcended via the epiphany of the experience without reference to any God. Rather, it is the relationship with the city that evokes such the depiction and seemingly alive narrative. Referring to this detail, literary critic Raymond Williams states that: ‘In Joyce, the laws and the conventions of traditional observation and communication have apparently disappeared. The consequent awareness is intense and fragmentary, subjective primarily, yet in the very form of its subjectivity including others who are now with the buildings, the noises, the sights and smells of the city, parts of this single and racing consciousness.’Â   (Williams 1973, 1) It would appear that Joyce is conscious of his use of the concept of epiphany. It would appear that in applying it in a secular manner, he is rejecting the notion of a God or objective transcendental truth. It would seem that this is because Joyce believes that it is the experience itself and the reflection rather than response of the individual that can awaken the transcendental realm and semiotic reality that lies within experience itself. Essentially, without the notion of the epiphany, the narrative would be veering away from the truth of experience itself and would negate the very social and relative apparatus that constitutes our being. Bibliography Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Bennet, Andrew. & Royle, Nicholas. Introduction to Literature Criticism and Theory Harlow: Pearson Education, 2004. Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man London: Penguin Classics, 2003. Joyce, James. Dubliners Oxford: Penguin Classics, 2007. Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City London: Chatto & Windas, 1973.

Leadership Theories: the Evolution of Context Essay

This paper defines â€Å"context† as it relates to leadership and the inclusion of context in leadership theories. I will show examples of different leadership styles and how they relate to the context of leadership. In closing, I will reflect on the challenges of contextual theories and how these challenges can be met in the current environment. Meaning of Context and Treatment in Leadership Research Different types of leadership often need to be applied in a distinct manner, depending on the context and who is involved. Osborn, Hunt, & Jauch (2002) indicated leadership theory and research needs to expand to the complex levels of leadership. The authors further posited leadership theory needs to explore the dynamism involving the context in which leadership takes place, rather than to study leadership taking place in a vacuum. Here, the authors referred to context as the circumstances or parameters that cause effective leaders to emerge. Leadership in context takes on many different characteristics and certain circumstances can cause different actions. A closer examination of the linkages between components of theory increases one’s understanding of individual differences in leadership development (Allen, Shankman, & Miguel, 2012). Authors Osborn, Hunt, & Jauch (2002) illustrated four contexts of leadership; stability, crisis, dynamic equilibrium, and edge of chaos. Stability takes into account surrounding external circumstances involving the composition of organizations, scopes, and skill sets. Stability examines the various measures of leadership to improve and to develop objectives for anticipated circumstances. I worked with a leader who demonstrated stability in a position; however, that same leader transferred to a different position and she became unstable. In the previous position, the leader was confident in her role, encouraged interaction from the team, and made team members feel comfortable to approach her at any time. The leader transitioned to a new contract, and a new client and things changed. The leader became unapproachable, and she became overwhelmed by her role and the pressures of the job. A lack of stability in this environment was evident because team members did not have effective leadership. Eventually, that person resigned and moved on to a less demanding and less stressful position. Crisis can be defined as, â€Å"a situation that threatens high priority goals that suddenly occurs with little or no response† (Hermann, 1969). A crisis causes changes in the leadership context that compel leaders to adjustment to the situation. A change in the context can be the defining moment of a leader’s effectiveness and leadership ability. Crisis may be unavoidable in some situations, but an effective leader will plan before, during, and after a crisis. Contingency plans, communications plans, and strong leadership can assist in alleviating some of the stress associated with a crisis. Leaders must recognize when to delegate authority if and when the need arises. The third context of leadership is a dynamic equilibrium, defined as a gradually increasing change. In a dynamic organizational system, the role of leadership is to support opposing forces and harness the constant tension between them, enabling the system to improve (Nonaka & Toyama, 2002; Teece & Pisano, 1994; Weick & Quinn, 1999). Various components affect dynamic equilibrium in leadership, such as, technology, external forces, and market conditions. To improve, the organization has to maintain a dynamic equilibrium among the various components. The authors referred to fourth context of leadership as, edge of chaos. Edge of chaos can be defined as being on the verge of pandemonium, but not quite there. Virtually, everything is tainted, but not so tainted that the organization implodes or explodes (Authors Osborn, Hunt, & Jauch 2002). If everything is tainted, there would be complete chaos in the organization. New Factors and the Inclusion of Context in Leadership Theories The emerging field of cross-cultural leadership research has underscored the importance of examining how the inclusion of the context in models of leadership may alter how effective or desirable leadership is operationally defined, measured, and interpreted. Integration of culture as a contextual factor in models of leadership necessitates that researchers consider; the cultural implicit theories of both leaders and followers, the cultural implicit heories of both leaders and followers, the interpretation of enacted behaviors, the broader cultural context in which leaders and followers interact, the duration of the leader–follower relationship, and exogenous events that may trigger different interpretations of leadership, such as instability, uncertainty, and growth (Avolio, B. , 2007). A Leader Who Effectively Engaged With Context Leadership / Leader Who Failed To Read and Engage with Context Leadership Effective ly Leadership in context may undertake numerous characteristics, which may put leadership in conflict. Examples of leadership that may effectively engage within context are doctors who work in an emergency room of a hospital (Hannah, Uhl-Bien, Avolio, & Cavarretta, 2009). In this example, the authors suggested doctors may show high levels of leadership when put in extreme circumstances frequently. Consequently, there is a need to be prepared constantly and to maintain high levels of vigilance and situational awareness to ensure quick and accurate responses. Examples of leadership that may fail to engage within context are managers within a hotel (Hannah, Uhl-Bien, Avolio, & Cavarretta, 2009). In this example hotel managers may fail to be prepared and develop safety procedures in case of a fire emergency. The authors explained that because of the relatively minimal chances of a fire occurring coupled with the surety of an adequate rescue response from authorities, hotel managers are less likely to make preparations in case of a fire. According to this premise, managers may not manifest any leadership tendency because circumstances do not create a need to exercise leadership (Hannah, Uhl-Bien, Avolio, & Cavarretta, 2009). Differences in Leadership Styles and Approaches In the first example, the leaders demonstrated a sense of urgency and an understanding of responsibility which requires immediate reaction as leaders. In the second example, leaders do not demonstrate the same urgency. The leaders are of the mindset that someone else will respond if the situation occurs. Each situation determines the leadership style which accomplishes the organization’s goals and vision; therefore, there is not a â€Å"best† leadership style or approach. Challenges of Developing Contextual Theories of Leadership Efficiency may come with leadership, but leadership can be overpowering and complex. Innovation of alliances is not always required for leadership. However, a study conducted by Osborn & Marion (2009) examined the aspects of contextual leadership in which transformational leadership was dysfunctional for the innovation of alliances. Today’s technology enables leaders to influence followers virtually. Even though, the follower may not be in the same location as the leader, this should not create an issue with leaders motivating followers to undertake an assignment. Purvanova and Bono (2009) suggested leadership through virtual means may exhibit the same behaviors as the traditional face-to-face style. The authors argued that leaders may adapt behavior based on context of the situational demand. An example of a leader’s virtual influence is the course for which this paper is written. The professor influences the class to improve writing skills by assigning additional exercises to better prepare for the doctoral study. In addition, the class is encouraged to relate personal experiences to tie in with assigned readings and research. The context determines the matter in which leaders influence their follower, whether leadership is conducted face-to-face or virtually. How Contextual Theories of Leadership Challenges Can Be Met The examples above demonstrated the dynamics and complexity of contextual leadership. Challenges in contextual leadership can be met by examining the factors for the source and development of leadership. The initial step is to determine the situation, analyze the nature of leadership, and document the context of the leadership development. Similarities can assist in determining the effective leaders of the future. Theories on leadership have determined that leadership is about showing flexibility in our ever changing environment and applying the appropriate leadership context in the ideal situation. Conclusion The subject of leadership garnered much research and study. Leadership consists of a variety of characteristics and complexities involving the context in which leadership takes place. Analyzing the complexity of the context of leadership can aid in determining future leaders. To understand individual differences in the context of leadership requires additional study. Further research will assist educators and scholars with the added knowledge of applying effective leadership.